ÖZET
Eski Mısır yazmalarından anlaşıldığı üzere kanser en azından 3,500 yıldır önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Artan bilgi birikimi ve teknolojik yeniliklerle birlikte kansere karşı yapılan mücadelede önemli başarılar elde edilmiştir. Ancak kanser tüm dünyada ölümlerin hala önde gelen nedenlerindendir. Son yüzyılda genetik ve histopatolojik çalışmalarla hastalığın doğası daha iyi anlaşılırken, onkoloji kimi anabilim dallarında cerrahi onkoloji örneğinde olduğu gibi bir bilim dalı olmuştur. Kanser hastalarında karar verme süreci üzerinde çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmış doğru karar vermenin hastalığın iyi yönetimi için gerekli olduğu üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu makalede amacımız bilinenlerden hareketle bu önemli konuda ilave çalışmaların yapılması için zemin oluşturmak, karar alma sürecinin zorluklarını anlama ve bunları aşma konusunda kat edilmesi gereken bir yolun varlığına vurgu yapmaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Karar verme, cerrahi, karar destek sistemleri
Kaynaklar
1
Reyna VF, Nelson WL, Han PK, Pignone MP. Decision making and cancer. Am Psychol 2015;70:105-118.
2
de Vries EN, Ramrattan MA, Smorenburg SM, Gouma DJ, Boermeester MA. The incidence and nature of in-hospital adverse events: a systematic review. Qual Saf Health Care 2008;17:216-223.
3
Gawande AA, Thomas EJ, Zinner MJ, Brennan TA. The incidence and nature of surgical adverse events in Colorado and Utah in 1992. Surgery 1999;126:66-75.
4
Fox J, Patkar V, Thomson R. Decision support for health care: the PROforma evidence base. Inform Prim Care 2006;14:49-54.
5
Lamb B, Green J, Vincent C, Sevdalis N. Decision making in surgical oncology. Surg Onco 2011;20:163-168.
6
Glance LG, Osler TM, Neuman MD. Redesigning surgical decision making for high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2014;370:1379.
7
Ferreres AR. Ethical debate: the ethics of not performing extended lymphadenectomy in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. World J Surg 2013;37:1821-1828.
8
Eddy DM. Variations in physician practice: the role of uncertainty. Health Aff (Millwood) 1984;3:74-89.
9
Eddy DM, Clanton CH. The art of diagnosis: solving the clinicopathological exercise. N Engl J Med 1982;306:1263-1268.
10
Eddy D. Decisions without information. The intellectual crisis in medicine. HMO Pract 1991;5:58-60.
11
Blatt MA, Higgins MC, Marton KI, Sox Jr H. Medical decision making. Boston, Butterworths; 1988.
12
Gregory J, McCullough LB. John Gregory’s writings on medical ethics and philosophy of medicine: Springer Science & Business Media; 1998.
13
Bravata DM. Making medical decisions under uncertainty. Semin Med Pract 2000;3:6-14.
14
St-Martin L, Patel P, Gallinger J, Moulton CA. Teaching the slowing-down moments of operative judgment. Surg Clin North Am 2012;92:125-135.
15
Marshall JC. Surgical decision-making: integrating evidence, inference, and experience. Surg Clin North Am 2006;86:201-215.
16
Ioannidis JP. Contradicted and initially stronger effects in highly cited clinical research. Jama 2005;294:218-228.
17
Smith GC, Pell JP. Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma related to gravitational challenge: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2003;327:1459-1461.
18
Barry MJ, Edgman-Levitan S. Shared decision making—the pinnacle of patient-centered care. N Engl J Med 2012;366:780-781.
19
Sheehan J, Sherman KA, Lam T, Boyages J. Association of information satisfaction, psychological distress and monitoring coping style with post‐decision regret following breast reconstruction. Psychooncology 2007;16:342-351.
20
Nicolai J, Buchholz A, Seefried N, Reuter K, Härter M, Eich W, Bieber C. When do cancer patients regret their treatment decision? A path analysis of the influence of clinicians’ communication styles and the match of decision-making styles on decision regret. Patient Educ Couns 2016;99:739-746.
21
Lantz PM, Janz NK, Fagerlin A, Schwartz K, Liu L, Lakhani I, Salem B, Katz SJ. Satisfaction with surgery outcomes and the decision process in a population‐based sample of women with breast cancer. Health Serv Res 2005;40:7457-7467.
22
Smidfelt K, Drott C. Late results of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis and facial blushing. Br J Surg 2011;98:1719-1724.
23
Borgen PI, Hill AD, Tran KN, Van Zee KJ, Massie MJ, Payne D, Biggs CG. Patient regrets after bilateral prophylactic mastectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 1998;5:603-606.
24
Clark JA, Wray NP, Ashton CM. Living with treatment decisions: regrets and quality of life among men treated for metastatic prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:72-80.
25
Lam WW, Kwok M, Chan M, Hung WK, Ying M, Or A, Kwong A, Suen D, Yoon S, Fielding R. Does the use of shared decision-making consultation behaviors increase treatment decision-making satisfaction among Chinese women facing decision for breast cancer surgery? Patient Educ Couns 2014;94:243-249.
26
Rutkow IM, Gittelsohn AM, Zuidema GD. Surgical decision making: The reliability of clinical judgment. Ann Surg 1979;190:409-419.
27
Ganesan P, Kumar L, Hariprasad R, Gupta A, Dawar R, Vijayaraghavan M. Improving care in ovarian cancer: The role of a clinico-pathological meeting. Natl Med J India 2008;21:225-227.
28
Chang JH, Vines E, Bertsch H, Fraker DL, Czerniecki BJ, Rosato EF, Lawton T, Conant EF, Orel SG, Schuchter L, Fox KR, Zieber N, Glick JH, Solin LJ. The impact of a multidisciplinary breast cancer center on recommendations for patient management. Cancer 2001;91:1231-1237.
29
Newman EA, Guest AB, Helvie MA, Roubidoux MA, Chang AE, Kleer CG, Diehl KM, Cimmino VM, Pierce L, Hayes D, Newman LA, Sabel MS. Changes in surgical management resulting from case review at a breast cancer multidisciplinary tumor board. Cancer 2006;107:2346-2351.
30
Sivell S, Edwards A, Elwyn G, Manstead AS. Understanding surgery choices for breast cancer: how might the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Common Sense Model contribute to decision support interventions? Health Expect 2011;14 Suppl 1:6-19.
31
Wilson A, Ronnekleiv-Kelly SM, Pawlik TM. Regret in Surgical Decision Making: A Systematic Review of Patient and Physician Perspectives. World J Surg 2017;41:1454-1465.
32
West M, Borrill C, Unsworth KL. Team effectiveness in organizations. 1998.
33
Cook R, Woods D, McDonald J. Human performance in anesthesia: A corpus of cases (Cognitive Systems Engineering Laboratory Technical report 91-TR-03). Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University. 1991.
34
Cooper JB, Newbower RS, Long CD, McPeek B. Preventable anesthesia mishaps: a study of human factors. Anesthesiology 1978;49:399-406.
35
Calland J, Guerlain S, Adams R, Tribble C, Foley E, Chekan E. A systems approach to surgical safety. Surg Endosc 2002;16:1005-1014; discussion 1015. Epub 2002 May 14
36
Robson N, Rew D. Collective wisdom and decision making in surgical oncology. Eur J Surg Oncol 2010;36:230-236.
37
Valentini V, Aristei C, Glimelius B, Minsky BD, Beets-Tan R, Borras JM, Haustermans K, Maingon P, Overgaard J, Pahlman L, Quirke P, Schmoll HJ, Sebag-Montefiore D, Taylor I, Van Cutsem E, Van de Velde C, Cellini N, Latini P; Scientific Committee. Multidisciplinary rectal cancer management: 2nd European rectal cancer consensus conference (EURECA-CC2). Radiother Oncol 2009;92:148-163.
38
Dixon E, Armstrong C, Maddern G, Sutherland F, Hemming A, Wei A, Sherman M, Moore M, McKay A, Urbach D, Labrie M, Gordon L, Barkun J, Lynn Quan M, Dowden S, Bigam D, Gallinger S. Development of quality indicators of care for patients undergoing hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer using a Delphi process. J Surg Res 2009;156:32-38.e1.
39
Cristancho SM, Vanstone M, Lingard L, LeBel M-E, Ott M. When surgeons face intraoperative challenges: a naturalistic model of surgical decision making. Am J Surg 2013;205:156-162.
40
Flin R, Youngson G, Yule S. How do surgeons make intraoperative decisions? Qual Saf Health Care 2007;16:235-239.
41
McCullough LB, Jones JW, Brody BA. Surgical ethics: Oxford University Press; 1998.
42
Jonsen AR, Siegler M, Winslade WJ. Clinical Ethics: A Practical Approach to Ethical Decisions in Clinical Medicine, 8E: McGraw Hill Professional; 2015.
43
Kon AA. Answering the question:“Doctor, if this were your child, what would you do?”. Pediatrics 2006;118:393-397.